Models
Earth System Model for the Climate (EC-Earth3)
Earth System Models (ESMs) are tools that integrate all our knowledge on the Earth system and can be used to address scientific hypothesis on climate and environmental change. As such, these models allow scientists to study the complex interactions within the Earth System and are an essential tool for understanding and predicting climate variability and climate change.
EC-Earth is an Earth System Model (ESM) developed as part of a Europe-wide consortium to promote international cooperation and access to knowledge and a wide data base for climate data and models. The main objective is to develop and apply an ESM based on ECMWFs seasonal forecasting system for providing trustworthy climate information to climate services and to advance scientific knowledge on the Earth system, its variability, predictability and long-term changes resulting from external forcing.
Figure 1. EC-Earth3 timeline for development, tuning and deployment (source: EC-Earth Science and Implementation plan).
Links to software and documentation:
- EC-Earth website: http://www.ec-earth.org/
- EC-Earth Science and Implementation plan
- EC-Earth3 in CMIP6: http://www.ec-earth.org/cmip6/ec-earth-in-cmip6/
References
Döscher, R., Acosta, M., Alessandri, A., Anthoni, P., Arneth, A., Arsouze, T., Bergmann, T., Bernadello, R., Bousetta, S., Caron, L.-P., Carver, G., Castrillo, M., Catalano, F., Cvijanovic, I., Davini, P., Dekker, E., Doblas-Reyes, F. J., Docquier, D., Echevarria, P., Fladrich, U., Fuentes-Franco, R., Gröger, M., v. Hardenberg, J., Hieronymus, J., Karami, M. P., Keskinen, J.-P., Koenigk, T., Makkonen, R., Massonnet, F., Ménégoz, M., Miller, P. A., Moreno-Chamarro, E., Nieradzik, L., van Noije, T., Nolan, P., O’Donnell, D., Ollinaho, P., van den Oord, G., Ortega, P., Prims, O. T., Ramos, A., Reerink, T., Rousset, C., Ruprich-Robert, Y., Le Sager, P., Schmith, T., Schrödner, R., Serva, F., Sicardi, V., Sloth Madsen, M., Smith, B., Tian, T., Tourigny, E., Uotila, P., Vancoppenolle, M., Wang, S., Wårlind, D., Willén, U., Wyser, K., Yang, S., Yepes-Arbós, X., and Zhang, Q.: The EC-Earth3 Earth System Model for the
Norwegian Climate Prediction Model (NorCPM)
The Norwegian Climate Prediction Model (NorCPM) aims to provide predictions on time scales from seasonal to decadal. The model is based on the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) described below and uses the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) to assimilate observational data.
Several versions of NorCPM have been developed, including:
- FREE – an ensemble simulation of NorESM without assimilation.
- Version 0 (V0) – assimilating sea surface temperature (SST) only.
- Version 1 (V1) - complementing V0 with assimilation of hydrographic profiles.
- Version 2 (V2): - complementing V1 with assimilation of sea ice concentration.
- High-Top - developed for sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction.
These and other versions of the model are described in detail on the NorCPM wiki.
Figure 2. The Norwegian Climate Prediction Model (source: NorCPM wiki).
Links to software and documentation:
- NorCMP wiki: https://wiki.uib.no/norcpm/index.php/Norwegian_Climate_Prediction_Model
- Code: https://github.com/BjerknesCPU/NorCPM (private)
References
Bethke et al., NorCPM1 and its contribution to CMIP6 DCPP, in prep for GMD. https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2021-91/
Counillon, F., Bethke, I., Keenlyside, N., Bentsen, M., Bertino, L., & Zheng, F. , (2014). Seasonal-to-decadal predictions with the ensemble Kalman filter and the Norwegian Earth System Model: a twin experiment. Tellus A, 66. doi:10.3402/tellusa.v66.21074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v66.21074
Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM)
The Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) is a coupled Earth System Model developed by the Norwegian Climate Consortium (NCC). NorESM is based on the Community Earth System Model, CESM2, developed and operated at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, US. The NorESM specific development is led by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute and NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS. Other partners involved are the University of Oslo (UiO), CICERO, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC) and the University of Bergen (UiB).
Figure 3. Overview of NorESM2 components (source: GMD).
Links to software and documentation:
- NorESM website: https://www.noresm.org/
- NorESM-1 documentation
- NorESM-2.0 documentation
- Latest NorESM documentation
- Code: https://github.com/NorESMhub/NorESM
References: